INTRODUCTION

Kirchhoff’s laws, the current law (which applies the concept of charge conservation) and the voltage law (which applies the principle of energy conservation), give a systematic way to addressing complicated circuits.Kirchhoff’s current law is crucial in contemporary measurement techniques and is commonly used in electrical engineering to establish how current is distributed in a circuit, is critical in electrical circuit design, and is critical in detecting flaws or abnormalities in electrical systems.

The Kirchhoff’s voltage law is frequently used in mesh analysis, which is a technique for analyzing circuits with many loops.Engineers may use this rule to better understand voltage distribution, evaluate complex circuits, measure voltage, and ensure proper circuit performance.In this discussion, we will look at determining the unknown values, illustrating how they might be used in practice.

KIRCHHOFF’S SECOND LAW

Kirchhoff’s second law is also known as VOLTAGE LAW (OR) LOOP LAW.This law is based on LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY.

Kirchhoff’s second law states that  » THE ALGEBRAIC SUM OF ALL THE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCES ALONG A CLOSED LOOP IS ZERO ».

CONVENTIONS

• Take any direction as the direction of traversal.(Either clockwise or anticlockwise)
• EMF of the cell is POSITIVE if the direction of the traversal is from its NEGATIVE terminal to POSITIVE terminal. (NPP)
• EMF of the cell is NEGATIVE if the direction of the traversal is from its POSITIVE terminal to NEGATIVE terminal. (PNN)
• The IR product is taken as POSITIVE if the resistor is traversed in the same direction as the assumed current.

KIRCHHOFF’S LAW NUMERICAL

Use Kirchhoff’s law write the three equations that may be used  to obtain the values of  three unknown currents I₁, I₂ and I₃ in the branches as shown in the  following circuit.

KIRCHHOFF’S LAW NUMERICAL – SOLUTION

KIRCHHOFF’S LAW NUMERICAL- CLOSED LOOP ABCA

APPLYING LOOP LAW FOR THE CLOSED LOOP ABCA

KIRCHHOFF’S LAW NUMERICAL- CLOSED LOOP ADCA

APPLYING LOOP LAW FOR THE LOOP ADCA

KIRCHHOFF’S LAW NUMERICAL – CLOSED LOOP BCDEB

APPLYING LOOP LAW FOR THE LOOP BCDEB

KIRCHHOFF’S LAW NUMERICAL- SOLVING THE EQUATIONS

KIRCHHOFF’S LAW NUMERICAL- SOLVING THE EQUATIONS

KIRCHHOFF’S LAW NUMERICAL- SOLVING THE EQUATIONS

CONCLUSION

Kirchhoff’s laws, based on the notion of charge and energy conservation, enable us to understand and predict the behavior of electrical circuits.Kirchhoff’s laws are useful tools for electrical engineers and other circuit specialists.These guidelines are used to solve complex circuit problems and to construct electrical systems.

Kirchhoff’s laws allow us to calculate current, voltage, and resistance in a circuit.Engineers and students can improve their abilities to solve complicated circuits and create efficient electrical systems by exercising these rules.Kirchhoff’s rules remain an important framework in the field of electrical engineering for technological and innovative breakthroughs.