DRIFT VELOCITY:

The speed at which the charged particles move in a specific direction because of the electric field is called the drift velocity. It is represented as V_d .

The free electrons which are the charge carriers move freely through the conductor and repeatedly collide with the positive metal ions.In the absence of an external electric field they move in random direction.

IN THE ABSENCE OF AN ELECTRIC FIELD:

IN THE PRESENCE OF AN ELECTRIC FIELD:

FORCE ON AN ELECTRON DUE TO APLIED ELECTRIC FIELD :

ACCELERATION OF EACH ELECTRON:

TOTAL CHARGE CONTAINED IN THE LENGTH ‘L’ OF THE CONDUCTOR:

TIME TAKEN FOR THE ELECTRON TO ENTER & LEAVE THE CONDUCTOR OF LENGTH ‘ L’

ELECTRIC CURRENT:

RELATION BETWEEN CURRENT AND DRIFT VELOCITY